​Mantras are syllables that create vibrations internally in the person who chants.  They are not just usual sound as created while uttering any other word, but capable of transforming one’s mind to evolve spiritually. 

The result of mantra japa can be compared with that of a stone thrown into a pond that create waves, but goes into the deep.  Mantras has the power to experience the depth of the mind, by creating waves at the surface level.  

The practice of mantra japa results in expressing one’s own impressions of the mind as it starts diving into the depths. Every mantra has “bija” mantra or bijaksharas.  They are otherwise called as the seed included in each mantra. 

In Hindu tradition, there are mantras associated with each deity, but the ultimate goal of chanting mantra is to increase awareness, concentration and to go into the deep planes in the mind. “Aum” is the widely known mantra and that itself is a “bija” mantra. 

Most of the mantras starts with “AUM”.  There are some occasions where “Aum” is chanted three times before the starting of slokas, comprised of mantras. Some of the bija mantras are: Aum, Ham, Yam, Ram, Vam, Lam.  Bija mantra can otherwise be called as mystic sound generated through the chanting of mantra. 

In spiritual practice, mantra japa helps to gain awareness and increase concentration. It helps a lot to concentrate on one’s “ishta devata”, the favorite deity, thus helping to meditate by sitting in a fixed posture.  Mantras are part of tantric tradition that deals with the awakening of the consciousness lying within every human being. It is also known as the awakening of kundalini power by awakening the chakras.  Bijaksharas are formulated in such a way to awaken these chakras so that the individual consciousness is expanded to become universal consciousness. 

Mantras are said to have revealed in the consciousness of sages before ages. And among these, Bija mantra is the first syllable in each mantra.  Each bija mantra has association with its mantra. For example, Lord Shiva’s bija mantra is “hraum”, “dum” is Durga’s mantra and “kreem”, of Kali. It is believed that the subtle forms of these mantras exist in this cosmos. Bija mantras are beyond the intellectual understanding and usual grammatical rules in any language. 

Repeated, concentrated mantra japa takes the practitioner to various planes of consciousness by experiencing the inner silence.  In tantric tradition, chakras in the human body has immense important in awakening the consciousness. Vibration of mantras touch these chakras by making changes in the mind of the practitioner. 

Yantra is the symbolic, physical form of Mantra carrying the subtle effect of Mantra.  It is basically an instrument with symbols drawn comprising of geometrical shapes which has the power to make the mind focus or concentrated. In traditional way, it is drawn in a metal sheet, especially in copper metal sheets.  Best examples are “swastika chakra”, “sri yantra”, etc.  
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One yantra is comprised of several geometrical figures like circles, triangles, horizontal and vertical lines, point, square, etc.  These are carved on metallic plate from several dimensions and angles. It may look downward, upward, etc. 

In Hindu mythology, it is believed that by wearing these yantras, one can achieve good fortunes and it is said that planets can influence on the people who wear it.  Some of these yantras are capable of attracting energy which can bring luck for the person for a given period of time. Some of them also represent astronomical position of planets during a given period of time.

Concentrating on these symbols in yantras can also help in brining good karma, getting rid of the ill-effects of past karmas, etc. Each geometric element in the yantra represents five nature elements in the universe like air, water, fire, knowledge, etc. These symbols are inscribed on metal sheets with the help of mantras by which the symbols get the power to represent cosmic powers and divinity.

Similar way, chanting mantra after wearing the yantra on one’s body will also help the aspirant to evolve spiritually. It is a kind of esoteric concept which is not followed by everyone. While yantra is something physical and gross, mantra is subtle, still more powerful. 

Scientifically, it is said that the geometrical shapes carved on the yantra is just an epitome possessed by the human brain.  That is the reason why the mind is attracted towards certain symbols which has created impressions on the human mind in previous births. These yantras cannot be made anytime, but prepared during certain date and time, according to the procedures defined in Vedas.

Some people who believe in certain deities wear yantras with a belief that it protect them from bad misfortunes and bad luck that arise in the life because of past karma. Precisely, mantra and yantra are based on tantric principles to be used as tools to evolve spiritually.  

Both mantra and yantra has the power to transform the mind as decided by the aspirant. Yantras are also used in black magic which can be harmful for the person if not used in proper ways.

​Rudraksha beads are said to have been flowed down to earth as tears of Lord Shiva.  It is believed that as per the legend that the beads have a great significance in evolving the beings spiritually.  No seed other than rudraksha has this position in the Hindu mythology. There are several types of beads, categorized based on the faces of the rudraksha.  

It starts with one, which is believed as Lord Shiva himself, then two faced – Gauri Shankara or the Ardha Narishwara symbolizing the aspect of Shiva and Shakti.  While some are rare and cn be worn only by certain type of people. Some are very common and can be worn by people of any caste. Different faces have different mantras associated with it. 

Chanting the mantras by wearing the rudraksha beads can heal several diseases like blood pressure, breathing and respiratory problems, etc. One who wears the appropriate rudraksha possesses several qualities and prevents from ageing, increase vitality, etc.  The wearing of beads also helps to gain focus and concentration during meditation. 

One of the important advantages of wearing the rudraksha touching the heart is to control the blood pressure. This is very much essential for those who want to meditate peacefully without mental distortion. This prevents the meditator in experiencing heat, cold, and other disturbances assumed as mistakes in meditation. The rudraksha bead mala or rosary worn by the person is basically acting as the connection link between the heart rate and that of the cells behind the neck. 

If there is any imbalance in the heart rate, this information is passes to the base of the brain and this helps in maintaining the balance of cardiac output and heart rate. Thus, it is believed that the rudraksha rosary has the power to control the heart disorders and blood pressure. The leaves of rudraksha tree is said to have high Vitamin C content, helpful in curing rheumatism and is also used as an remedy for poison. 

Rudraksha fruit is used as medicine for the brain disorders, pneumonia, uclers, etc. To get maximum benefit from spiritual point of view, one has to wear the rosary given by the Guru during the initiation. Some use them as the aid to chant mantra to keep track of the mantra count.  Some believe that wearing of rudraksha mala can also attract luck.

​The last day of the Pitru Paksha is called as the Mahalaya Amavasya. It is also called as the Sarva Pitru Amavasya. 

During the entire phase of the Pitru Paksha, we should pay homage to all our ancestors. This helps to not only strengthen our connection to them but also allows us to pay off our ancestral karmic debt. After all, who we are is greatly determined by our ancestry and our genetics.

Typically, in the Hindu culture, a special prayer called shraddha is performed each year on death anniversary of a person. But there are times when the actual death date may not be known. We can perform the Shraddha prayers for all such relatives on this day. 

​This is the reason why Mahalaya Amavasya Shraddha is also known as Sarvapitra (all ancestors) Moksha (liberation) Amavasya.

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